6th January » Combined British, Portuguese and colonial Brazilian forces begin the Invasion of Cayenne (1809) called Invasion of Cayenne during the Napoleonic Wars.
16th January » Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of Corunna named Battle of La Coruña.
3rd February » Illinois Territory e.g The Territory of Illinois is created by the 10th United States Congress.
27th March » Peninsular War: A combined French First Empire called Franco-Duchy of Warsaw named Polish force defeats the Spanish in the Battle of Ciudad-Real.
28th March » Peninsular War: France defeats Spain in the Battle of Medelin.
10th April » Napoleonic Wars: The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria.
11th April » Battle of the Basque Roads Naval battle fought between France and the United Kingdom
19th April » An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn (1809) or Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by L
20th April » Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
21st April » Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the Battle of Eckmühl.
22nd April » The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian Empire named Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.
5th May » Mary Kies becomes the first woman awarded a U.S. patent, for a technique of weaving straw with silk and yarn known as thread.
5th May » The Swiss Cantons of Switzerland named canton of Aargau denies citizenship to Jews.
21st May » The first day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling between the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen known as Archduke Charles and the French army led by Napoleon named Napoleon I of France sees the French attack across the Danube held.
22nd May » On the second and last day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling (near Vienna, Austria), Napoleon I is repelled by an enemy army for the first time.
25th May » Chuquisaca Revolution: a group of Patriot (Spanish American Revolution) named patriots in Chuquisaca (modern day Sucre) revolt against the Spanish Empire, starting the South American Wars of Independence.
6th June » Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Government (1809) Constitution, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates after 20 years of enlightened absolutism. At the same time, Charles XIII of Sweden Charles XIII is elected to succeed Gusta
6th July » The second day of the Battle of Wagram; France defeats the Austrian army in the largest battle to date of the Napoleonic Wars.
16th July » The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Monarchy of Spain or Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo
10th August » Quito, now the Capital city e.g capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain. This rebellion will be crushed on August 2, 1810.
17th September » Peace between Sweden and Russia in the Finnish War. The territory to become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
18th November » In a Action of 18 November 1809 known as naval action during the Napoleonic Wars, French frigates defeat British East Indiamen in the Bay of Bengal.
25th December » Dr. Ephraim McDowell performs the first Oophorectomy or ovariotomy, removing a 22 pound tumor.