24th February » Treaty of Nagyvárad between Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor named Ferdinand I and John Zápolya.
26th May » Geneva expels John Calvin and his followers from the city. Calvin lives in exile in Strasbourg for the next three years.
25th July » The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.
6th August » Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
28th September » Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) e.g Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over a Holy League (1571) known as Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza.
28th October » The first university in the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established.
17th December » Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII of England.