January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as the day of New Year. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer).
January symbols: The birthstone of January is the garnet which represents constancy. Its birth flower is the cottage pink Dianthus caryophyllus or galanthus. In Finnish, the month of tammikuu means the heart of the winter and because the name literally means Oak moon. The zodiac signs for the month of January are Capricorn (until January 19) and Aquarius (January 20 onwards). The traditional English birth month flower is the Carnation.
Historical Events for January, 1863
Day of Week 1st » American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate States of America or Confederate territory.
1st » The first claim under the Homestead Act is made by Daniel Freeman (homesteader) or Daniel Freeman for a farm in Nebraska.
Day of Week 4th » The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and Premillennialism e.g chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
Day of Week 8th » American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield
Day of Week 9th » American Civil War: the Battle of Fort Hindman begins in Arkansas.
Day of Week 11th » American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post General John Alexander McClernand or John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union (American Civil War) e.g Union.
11th » American Civil War: ship CSS Alabama Action off Galveston Light encounters and sinks the USS Hatteras 1861 6 off Galveston Lighthouse in Texas.
Day of Week 22nd » The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.
Day of Week 26th » American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg known as Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker.
26th » American Civil War: Governor of Massachusetts John Albion Andrew receives permission from United States Secretary of War called Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent.